Bugs and drugs

Which antibiotic classes cover which organisms, the patterns behind the chart, and the exceptions worth memorizing.

Covers Partial: some drugs in the class, some strains, or only if tested susceptiblePartial Not a reasonable choiceNo Exception worth rememberingException Maui 2025 antibiogram disagrees with the ratingLocal differs Maui figure borderline (80-89%)Borderline

Patient factors

Coverage is not random: a handful of rules generate most of the chart. Open a rule to read it, then show it on the chart.

The cells that break the rules, and the ones students most often get wrong. Open one to read it, then show it on the chart.

Why the chart looks the way it does: the bacterial envelope decides which drugs can reach their target, and the same structures are what the lab stains and tests. Click an organism to open it on the chart, or a drug target to light the drugs that hit it.

Cell envelopesDrug targetsIdentifying the organism

Cell envelopes, and what they let through

Where antibiotics act

Identifying the organism: from Gram stain to species

MHS Antibiogram 2025

Maui in-patient isolates, January to December 2025, Clinical Labs of Hawaii (Owen Chan, MD, Director). Each cell is the percent of isolates susceptible to that drug. The number after each organism is how many isolates were tested; under 30, the percentage is a rough estimate, so those rows are labeled small sample. Click an organism to open it on the chart.

What the local numbers change

Random cells from the chart. Answer, read why, move on.